The Lost Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay example

The Lost Iago in Othello In Shakespeare’s Othello the sinister nature of the ancient casts a pall of uneasiness over the narrative of the play. How can the evil influence of one character be so pervasive? Let us in this essay probe his character and find answers to our questions. In â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello† Valerie Wayne exposes Iago’s inability to praise women when Desdemona asks him how he would do it: Iago’s worry that he cannot do what Desdemona asks implies that his dispraise of women was candid and easily produced, while the praise requires labour and inspiration from a source beyond himself. His insufficiency is more surprising because elsewhere in the play Iago appears as a†¦show more content†¦(79) Evidence of his psychopathic personality is seen early in the play. He manipulates the wealthy Roderigo into awakening the senator Brabantio (â€Å"Rouse him: make after him, poison his delight†); and then he utters very offensive smutty lines about a black ram and white ewe, which indicate the way his sick mind operates. Iago’s very language reveals the level at which his evil mind works. Francis Ferguson in â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other† describes the types of base, loathsome imagery used by the antagonist Iago when he â€Å"slips his mask aside† while awakening Brabantio: Iago is letting loose the wicked passion inside him, as he does from time to time throughout the play, when he slips his mask aside. At such moments he always resorts to this imagery of money-bags, treachery, and animal lust and violence. So he expresses his own faithless, envious spirit, and, by the same token, his vision of the populous city of Venice – Iago’s â€Å"world,† as it has been called. . . .(132) He seems to be motivated by love of money which he has been receiving from Roderigo for some time (â€Å"thou, Iago, who hast had my purse / As if the strings were thine†). Iago himself says that he is motivated by revenge on the Moor (â€Å"I follow him toShow MoreRelatedDramatic Irony Used for Characterization in Othello by Shakespeare713 Words   |  3 Pagesfull of jealousy and betrayal, the plot of Othello is guided by this playwright’s usage of dramatic irony. Through the use of dramatic irony and characterization Shakespeare creates Iago, the most sinister character in all of literature. William Shakespeare, being born on April 23, 1563, was subject to an early renaissance education. With new ideals, such as humanism, spreading throughout Europe during this time it was inevitable that Shakespeare’s writings would be influenced by this. TheseRead MoreBetraying and Lying in Othello by William Shakespeare1726 Words   |  7 Pagesthe root of all evil today. People have made it an everyday thing to lie and betray people just because they like to see people broken in misery. People also lie and betray people because of jealousy they may have towards them. The tragedy of Othello explains why some people are not trustworthy. Just because some people feel like they are miserable, they try everything in their power to make the other individual miserable as well. Enemies come in different colors, shapes, and forms, making itRead More The Use Of Animal Imagery In Othello Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othelloà ¢â‚¬  the use of animal imagery was evident throughout the telling of the story. 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Iago clarifies what he has in store for Othello to Roderigo, In following him I followRead More Tragic Flaws Of Othello Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesJealousy and Gullibility: The Devastating Flaws of Othello â€Å"The tragic flaw is the most important part of the hero and the events that occur in the work is a reflection of that flaw.† – Aristotle The plot of William Shakespeares Othello is a tale of love, jealousy, and betrayal; however, the characters, themes, and attitudes of the works are different, with Shakespeares play being a more involved study of human nature and psychology. Othello is considered to be a prime example of AristotelianRead More Othello vs O the Modern Spin Essay853 Words   |  4 Pages‘O is a modern spin on Othello that attempts to address issues that are relevant for a contemporary audience. However, ultimately the literary value of Othello is lost in this appropriation† The film ‘O’ directed by Tim Blake Nelson is a recognised contemporary interpretation of Shakespeare’s classic tragedy Othello, which addresses a number of issues that are relevant to a modern day audience compared to that of the past. The director of the film has changed crucial parts of the play which makesRead MoreEssay on Deception in Shakespeares Othello670 Words   |  3 PagesDeception in Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One may readily perceive the theme of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello† as deception. Deception appears many times in Othello, but in almost every incident the degree of deception is different. Deception is to â€Å"deceive another, illusion, or fraud† (Webster’s New World Pocket Dictionary 69), which is seen as a wrongful act. However, deception may be used to protect someone from getting hurt therefore being used with good intentions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The very first act of deceptionRead MoreCharacter Analysis : Othello 1255 Words   |  6 PagesPavle Burazor Ms. Ã…  kiljević ENG3U1 06-Jan-2015 Character Flaws in Othello The play Othello bears great similarity to that of the Greek myth of Sisyphus, the king of Ephyra; where Sisyphus was sentenced to forever push a boulder up a hill. This makes resemblances the climb to a climax and the fall, with three main characters, each pushing a boulder up a hill; Othello one of trust, Iago one of manipulation and Roderigo pushing one of foolishness. When they finally reach the top of the hill it beginsRead MoreEssay about Tragic Flaws of Othello1137 Words   |  5 Pagesand Gullibility: The Devastating Flaws of Othello By: Ryan Mongon The tragic flaw is the most important part of the hero and the events that occur in the work is a reflection of that flaw. Ââ€" Aristotle The plot of William Shakespeares Othello is a tale of love, jealousy, and betrayal; however, the characters, themes, and attitudes of the works are different, with Shakespeares play being a more involved study of human nature and psychology. Othello is considered to be a prime example of AristotelianRead MoreOthello - A Play That Transcends Time Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world of Shakespeare’s Othello. It is through my exploration of these perspectives and their relationship with changing morals and values that has enriched my understanding of the play. One such reading of the play challenges the marginalisation and objectification of woman in a patriarchal Venetian society, while taking into account the changing role of women in modern society. Another interpretation of Othello examines its post colonial elements through the protagonist Othello, and his insecurities

Crystal Pool Resort Essay free essay sample

1.0 Introduction 1. 1 Background Crystal Pool Resort is one of the new acquisitions of the Western Pacific Hotel Chain or WPHC. It is an existing functional business entity. The analysis begins with a discussion into the structure of the organization. Furthermore, it moves on to the discussion of the issues facing human resource management (HRM) – staffing, employee hiring, training, motivation, assessment and welfare. 1.2 Aim The aim of this paper is to analyze the Crystal Pool Resort and the way in which proper human resource management can be used to overcome the human resource problems presented in the case. Its will aim to use different human resource tools and techniques taught and apply it to the given scenario. 1.3 Scope The scope of this report is limited to the analysis and the recommendations proposed in the report. None of the proposals should be considered in their literal meaning i.e. they should be carefully scrutinized before they can be practically implemented. We will write a custom essay sample on Crystal Pool Resort Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, the recommendations proposed are limited to the knowledge available in this case. Additional case information would probably lead to the recommendations being more appropriate. 2.0 Human Resources management HRM or human resource management is a field set up to deal with the human factors in the working environment. A company’s main objective is to service its customers to make profits. The direct correlation of customer satisfaction to financial gains leads to the emphasis on an improved final product. Dessler, Griffiths and Lloyd-Walker (2004) believe that the aspiration of providing better goods and services has helped organizations to develop a system which identifies the satisfactions of the final customer, and the buyers or consumer depends on the satisfaction of the internal customers, the employee.It is therefore, imperative to be able to work towards the development and improvement of the employee motivation and enthusiasm, so that it directly translates into business advantage through customer satisfaction. Armstrong (2006) argues that a suitable working environment, the effort a worker puts into his job, the skill factor all such aspects and others lead to the developme nt of the HRM to manage and improve the employed working force. 3.2.1 Staffing The strength of staff level is an important strategic decision for any business entity. The man power planning of the resort is a prominent issue needing to be dealt with. For example there is an untrained employee on the front desk and high staff turnover Hyman, Mason (1995) would argue that this type of situation may allocate that the staff level is not only inadequate but it also points to a potential loss in employed workers. Problems such as described above have serious detrimental effects on any company’s financial figures and staff morale. An under employed work force hinders in attaining economies of scale as well as negatively effecting the final product. According to Robbins (2004), high staff over turn means a direct loss in investment of time and money in training and development of the work force. 3.2.2 Hiring of Employees The recruitment and selection of employees requires a thorough analysis of the job Ichniowski and Olson (2006) suggest that when the major work force is hired off the local community, workers come into the workplace with minimal formal skills. The employment at the Crystal Pool resort represents a completely different picture. Lack of Qualified staff for life-saving or pool testing, hiring people with minimal formal skills in the food and beverage department and the sole criteria of hiring good looking waitresses show that the management at the resort pays little attention to the recruitment of employees. Mathis and Jackson (2006) suggest the factor behind such practice can be the issue that the resort is situated 200km from the nearest major town so the only source of labor is the local community. In addition, the majority still at Crystal pool resort come from the local area. 3.2.3 Training and Development of the Employees The efficiency of a system depends on the ability of all the factors working in harmony, or as it is stated â€Å"a chain is as strong as its weakest link†. Complete customer satisfaction depends on the quality of time spent at the resort which is easily ruined or affected by negligible mistakes on part of the work force. So the importance of a high quality work force cannot be stressed upon enough. However the current situation at the resort depicts extensive issues to be dealt regarding employee expertise. The single day on job training carried out to train the house keeping staff an absence of a human resources program, orders from general managers by-passing the line management regarding employee training, and finally a lack of a long term training initiatives means that the workers at the resort do not have the required skill and knowledge to do their job properly. Potterfield (2007) suggests that using untrained staff. That indicates a lack of professionalism. According to Potterfield (2007), the presence of all such issues start with a non cohesive management system where the top management over rules the line management and leads to an environment where each department looks out for itself and resists the short term loss of letting go the employees for training and development programs. The issue of high staff turnover is raised again to objectify the cost benefit of such training programs. Therefore the effectiveness of such training programs is at stake and it should really be pondered upon as to whether they are actually playing a significant role in retraining the workforce at the resort or it is not so influential and appealing to the workforce members who attend it.The importance of training and development cannot be undermined. Training and development empowers employees and brings them more closer to the organization. Funds spent in the right direction and on the best employees ensures greater productivity and loyalty in the long run. 3.2.4 Employee Motivation Meredith, (2004) believe that employee motivation is another important factor to attain the maximum possible performance form the working force. An established fact to get the most out of workers is to pay them a satisfactory wage, enough to keep them focused and energized to perform better. In Crystal Pool Resort the employee motivation appears to be low with high staff turnover. The series of frequent presentations and pep talks by the general manager to the employees shows that the management looks towards employee motivation but such sessions are conducted over various topics unparallel to line management hence losing their core benefit. 3.2.5 Employee Assessment Potterfield (2007) believes that employee evaluation is a very important tool to identify the work force, the new talents and the loose cannons. A systematic evaluation system provides for a complete picture of worker output. Such a database can not only point out the inefficient workers but also provide a platform to improve the overall organization by improving individual contributors; they can identify the high performers destined for higher posts and finally establish a system where the wages set are according to the performance delivered Potterfield (2007) Disappointingly such a system is nonexistent at the resort. The executive house keeper is not even familiar with an evaluation program. The management has let down its responsibility. They have been unable to establish a proper system to maintain a check on the employees, to allow 9 them to know their own performance levels. Meredith, (2004) states that an evaluation system is also an important motivating factor for the hard working employees as well as the poor performers to improve their efficiency level and work harder to save their job. 3.2.6 Provisions for employee welfare Robbins, (2004) suggests that the working environment for the work force is a necessity for the work of a successful business. The employees should be provided with a productive working environment where they are allowed to work, fulfilling their potential at their maximum output. This function is also related to the employee welfare at the work place. The sub standard operational system at the resort has resulted in high absenteeism and frequent work place injuries. Ichniowski and Olson(2000) propose that this is a serious issue because if a worker does not feel safe in his work place they will put more emphasis on the security and safeguard rather than focus on their given task. Staff welfare initiatives are also absent at the work place – another important motivational factor. 3.2.7 Role of Administration The role of administration is very important for a business entity. It is the guiding force which takes the entire business forward. The current issue with the top administration of Crystal Palace is the irregular involvement. The administrations should take the entire team involving the line management and the workers together. Armstrong (2006) suggests that this will be done by delegating responsibility to the line management accountable to achieve their specific goals and objectives, while curtailing the responsibility of the general managers to supervision. 4.0 Recommendations 4.1 Strategic HRM Plan The Crystal Palace resort was acquired by WPHC with a goal to align its world renowned service level with services provided at Crystal Palace while increasing the average occupancy level at the resort by 20%. The basic infrastructure is set at Crystal pool resort but what lacks is an efficient work force. If the before mentioned issues are dealt with,HR function of the resort will be able to contribute to the WPHC objectives and profit gain detailed.the business plan arrangement will need to conciously pursue this. 4.1.1 Recruitment and Selection The recruitment procedure at the resort needs to be refined. The addition of labor force into the system reflects as a necessity for the company where new employees are just selected without appropriate formal skills, which means that the resort is taking upon the responsibility of training as its own rather than getting already trained employees and saving up on expensive development courses. Ichniowski, and Olson, (2000) suggests that the resort requires new faces, people with new ideals, and a change. The homogeneity of the work force can be very use full in employee relations but workers from other towns can be brought in to bring in new characteristics and features into the work force. Ichniowski, and Olson (2000) also suggest that through traditional management the greater the diversity in the workforce, the better it will perform over a period of time. This can be attributed to the fact that similar people with similar capacities and mind frames have more or less the same performance and ability to do work.Ichniowski, C and Olson, C. (2000) believe that thus, when presented with newer challenges, they are bound to all either be interested in it or disinterested in it. As stated by Robbins (2004), maintaining diversity ensures maximum problem solving skills. 4.1.2 Employee Motivation Employee Motivation depends on two major issues. The compensations in wage for his efforts as well as the benefits they receive by staying with the company. 4.2.1 Compensation / Wage This is the biggest issue facing the resort, how to keep the trained workers. So the importance of appropriate job compensation is important to not only keep the effective working force but also protect the business investment on the employees. Mathis and Jackson (2006) believe that labor relations such as binding legal contracts can also be used to prevent the loss of higher skilled labor. 4.1.2.2 Employee Welfare A satisfied employee is the goal of an HR department. Employee welfare is a huge part of employee motivation. To get the best out of the employee, a sentimental association has to be developed where the employee starts to feel part of the business. The employee welfare is overlooked at the Crystal Palace Resort. Robbins (2004) believes that it can be accepted that arranging events to develop a stronger bonds amongst employees and the company results in being expensive but the benefit of an emotional attachment a worker feel towards his company is guaranteed hard work and dedication. 4.3 Employee Relations Nkomo, Fottler and McAfee (2004) believe that employee relations are an important factor regarding the company’s relationship with its employees and the relationship amongst employees. In the case of Crystal Palace Resort there is high staff turnover and absentees. Dessler, Griffiths, and Lloyd-Walker (2004) propose that an atmosphere of goodwill has to be established where all departments are aligned on the same side assisting each other for the betterment of the service provided to the customers. 4.2.4 Training and Development The importance of training and development is accepted unanimously. A skilled work force will always provide the better goods. A major absence in the HR functions at the resort is the reflected in a lack of trained and qualified workers. Human Resource Management, (n.d. ), Stated that once the factor of staff turnover is controlled the true benefits of training and employee development will start to show. A trained employee will be empowered with the correct skills and knowledge to perform his duties and tasks correctly. Dessler, Griffiths and Lloyd-Walker (2004) believe that long term training courses need to be set up for the employees of the resort so that they can provide the level of service linked with the WPHC. 4.2.5 Performance appraisals and Record keeping The performance appraisal system is very important in keeping the HRM system aligned. Cotton (1993) believes that employers need the information regarding their work force, such as which worker is productive and which worker needs some assistance to improve. The performance appraisal system is absent at the resort. A proper computerized or even a manual system needs to be established through which the performances of the employees is graded annually. Such   evaluations are needed to be stored and kept in a database or a record to evaluate the performances. Ichniowski and Olson (2006) believes that such evaluations can allow viewing the benefits of the training and development programs as well as individual improvements of the workers. 4.2.6 Occupational Health and Safety A major improvement required at the Crystal Palace resort is the health and safety record. The current data shows that their standards are below the average level of employee safety in resorts. Murrell Formisano and Meredith (2005) believes that when a worker gets injured on the job this not only results in temporary loss of paid labour but also the uncertainty which springs up amongst all employees, regarding the working conditions, the hazards they face and the question of whether this job is worth to risk such drawbacks. Armstrong (2006) advocates that health and safety standard of the resort needs to be improved to provide workers with a more secure environment to work in. 5.0 CONCLUSION The acquisition of Crystal Pool Resort by the Western Pacific Hotel Chain is a profitable addition to the business chain. However The Crystal Pool Resort is lacking in some obvious HRM function’s although there can be sorted out through proper management. The improvement in the efficiency of the working force of the resort will improve their service standards not only bringing it up to the standards of the Western Pacific Hotel but also ensuring it are of international hospitality standards. The analysis of the case has been done keeping into mind the different theoretical aspects of organizations and how they apply to the workplace. The recommendations form an integral part of the case and present the different ways in which the situation can be handled with great control there include improving Crystal Pool Resort will be able to overcome the deficiencies mentioned by following the recommendations outlined previous sections and will emerge as a high performing unit of Western Pacific Hotel. References Armstrong, M 2006, A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. Kogan Page, New York.Cotton, J L,1993, Employee Involvement: Methods for Improving Performance and Work Attitudes.Sage Publications, Frankfurt.Dessler, G, Griffiths, J, and Lloyd-Walker, B. 2004. Human resource management. Kent Publishers, New Surrey.Human Resource Management. Guide to Managing a Great Workplace. [Online] [Cited: September 18, 2008.] www. managementhelp.org/hr_mgmnt/hr_mgmnt.htm.Ichniowski, C and Olson, C. 2000, The American Workplace: Skills, Compensation, and Employee Involvement. Cambridge University Press, 2000,Cambridge.Mathis, RL, Jackson, JH, 2006,Human Resource Management,Thomson South-Western, London. Murrell, Kennetth L., Formisano, Roger A. and Meredith, Mimi. 2000. Empowering Employees.Chicago : Mc-Graw Hill,Chicago.Nkomo, Stella M. , Fottler, Myron D. and McAfee, Bruce R. 2004. Applications in Human Resource Management: Cases, Exercises and Skill Builders.Thomson/South-Western, London.Potterfield, Thomas A, 1999, The Business of Employee Empowermen,. Greenwood Publishing Group, Edinburgh.Robbins, SP,2004, Organizational Behavior,New York, 2004.Meredith,S,2004, No Fair Pay in THIS Place, Jackson Publishers, Miami.

Sheikh Mohammed free essay sample

Case Study: Sheikh Mohammed and the Making of Dubai, Inc. Name The making of Dubai is the vision of one man: Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Everybody knows the classic Arabian Nights but that is just a fairytale. Not â€Å"Dubai, Inc†. Incredible but true, its arid desert is transformed into a center for multinational companies and holds world records such as the most expensive hotel in the world. The coastline was literally made and artificial islands were created by dredging companies. The vision for Dubai might be seen as derived from necessity. In the 1940s the leading industry, the pearling industry, was in decline. It therefore had to focus on commerce. Even though oil was found in 1966 and oil concessions were granted, the political developments were more important to help turn the country into a more prosperous place. Sheikh Mohammed did not want the country to be dependent on oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Sheikh Mohammed or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the UAE were found, he became the youngest Minister of Defense at age 21. Already as a child, Sheikh Mohammed was extraordinary. He was energetic, curious and full of initiative that later would prove beneficial for Dubai because he initiated many projects that turned the country into a corporation. Sheikh Mohammed believed in himself and in his vision. He could execute his vision for the country because his family was related and had ties with both business and government so in one sense it can even be considered a family business. His vision also entailed also to bridge the gap between Islamic laws and procedures and Western, more capitalist practices, for instance, by establishing free zones that stimulated business. Through these practices Dubai flourished, from real estate to finance. His management leading the developments gave Sheikh Mohammed the nickname of â€Å"CEO of Dubai†. However, there is not only success to the story. Besides the impact of the financial crisis of 2008, Dubai mistreated immigrants who worked under dire and poor circumstances. In addition, the economic success negatively impacted the infrastructure, demographics and local culture. References Mayo, J. A. , Nohria, N. , Mendhro, U. , Cromwell, J. (2010, 1 March). Sheikh Mohammed and the Making of â€Å"Dubai, Inc. †. Harvard Business School, 1-31, 9-410-063

The 3 Best Recipes for How to Make Slime

The 3 Best Recipes for How to Make Slime SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It’s alliiiiiiiveeee! Slime is a fun and interactive way to teach kids about chemistry. There are hundreds of slime recipes out there, which produce slimes with different qualities. In this article, we’re talking all about slime: what it is, how to make it, and what you absolutely need to know to make the best slime of all time. We promise, we won’t do that rhyme again. What Is Slime? Slime is a sticky, gooey substance that’s fun to touch and great to use for teaching about viscosity and chemical reactions. When kids make slime, they can learn about how different chemicals react with each other to create something new. They can also learn about how adding different amounts of different ingredients affects the viscosity (thickness) of a material. There are hundreds of slime-based toys out there, but the best way to really get the most out of your slime is to make it yourself! How to Make Slime Learning how to make slime is simple! You can make slime with tons of different ingredients: glue, borax, yogurt, water, cornstarch. Even shaving cream! Whatever recipe you choose to go with, make sure you have a mixing bowl and spoon on hand. You may also need some paper towels or cloth towels on hand to mop up spills. But don’t be afraid to get messy! That’s part of the fun. Without further ado, here are our three favorite slime recipes. Recipe #1: How to Make Slime Without Borax This recipe makes about two cups of slime. INGREDIENTS 2 (4-ounce) bottles washable school glue, such as Elmer's (see note for variations) 1 to 2 drops liquid food coloring (optional for adding some fun) 1/4 cup glitter (optional for adding some fun) 1 teaspoon baking soda 2 to 3 tablespoons saline solution (i.e., contact lens solution), divided Color the glue (optional): Pour the glue into a medium bowl and stir in the food coloring and glitter, if you want your slime to be extra exciting. Add the baking soda: Add the baking soda to the glue mixture and stir until smooth. Add the contact lens solution: Pour in 2 tablespoons of the contact lens solution and stir slowly. The mixture should begin to harden, becoming stringy. Mix until a ball of slime forms. Pick up the slime and knead between your two hands, until smooth. If the slime is particularly slimy, work in another 1/2 tablespoon of contact lens solution as needed. Source Recipe #2: How to Make Slime Without Glue Want to make some nice and sticky slime but don’t have glue on hand? No worries! This recipe uses guar gum, which can be found in the specialty foods aisle of your grocery store. INGREDIENTS 1/2 tsp of Guar Gum 1 cup of warm water 1/2 tsp baking soda 1 tsp of saline solution Food Coloring (optional) Start with your warm water. Stir in the guar gum until there are no lumps. Add your food coloring if you’d like. Stir! Add in your baking soda and saline. Stir away and watch the slime form! Source Recipe #3: How to Make Super Slime Ready for the real-deal, gooey kind of slime that you see in movies? Look no further than this slime recipe! INGREDIENTS Â ½ cup Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 2 tsps Borax (Sodium tetraborate) Food coloring (optional) Pour the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution into your bowl. If you want colored slime, add food coloring to the PVA solution and stir with a stir stick. Add 2 teaspoons of the Sodium Tetraborate (Borax) Solution into the PVA solution and stir slowly. Try lifting some of the solution with the stir stick and note what happens. Once the slime has formed, it’s time to touch! Just don’t eat it. Source It's Slime Time! (We had to). Now that you've got three great recipes, it's time to make some slime! Have fun, get messy, and let us know in the comments if we missed your favorite slime recipe. What’s Next? Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius? We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa). Are you learning about logarithms and natural logs in math class?We have a guide on all the natural log rules you need to know. Did you know that water has a very special density? Check out our guide to learn what the density of water is and how the density can change.

Calcium Facts - Ca or Atomic Number 20

Calcium Facts - Ca or Atomic Number 20 Calcium is silver to gray solid metal that develops a pale yellow tint. It is element atomic number 20 on the periodic table with the symbol Ca. Unlike most transition metals, calcium and its compounds exhibit a low toxicity. The element is essential for human nutrition. Take a look at calcium periodic table facts and learn about the elements history, uses, properties, and sources. Calcium Basic Facts Symbol: CaAtomic Number: 20Atomic Weight: 40.078Classification: Alkaline EarthCAS Number: 7440-701-2 Calcium Periodic Table Location Group: 2Period: 4Block: s Calcium Electron Configuration Short Form: [Ar]4s2Long Form: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2Shell Structure: 2 8 8 2 Calcium Discovery Discovery Date: 1808Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy [England]Name: Calcium derives its name from the Latin calcis which was the word for lime (calcium oxide, CaO) and limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3)History: The Romans prepared lime in the first century, but the metal was not discovered until 1808. Swedish chemist Berzelius and Swedish court physician Pontin created an amalgam of calcium and mercury by electrolyzing lime and mercury oxide. Davy managed to isolate pure calcium metal from their amalgam. Calcium Physical Data State at room temperature (300 K): SolidAppearance: fairly hard, silvery white metalDensity: 1.55 g/ccSpecific Gravity: 1.55 (20  °C)Melting Point: 1115 KBoiling Point: 1757 KCritical Point: 2880 KHeat of Fusion: 8.54 kJ/molHeat of Vaporization: 154.7 kJ/molMolar Heat Capacity: 25.929 J/mol ·KSpecific Heat: 0.647 J/g ·K (at 20  °C) Calcium Atomic Data Oxidation States: 2 (most common), 1Electronegativity: 1.00Electron Affinity: 2.368 kJ/molAtomic Radius: 197 pmAtomic Volume: 29.9 cc/molIonic Radius: 99 (2e)Covalent Radius: 174 pmVan der Waals Radius: 231 pmFirst Ionization Energy: 589.830 kJ/molSecond Ionization Energy: 1145.446 kJ/molThird Ionization Energy: 4912.364 kJ/mol Calcium Nuclear Data Number of Naturally Occurring Isotopes: 6Isotopes and % Abundance: 40Ca (96.941), 42Ca (0.647), 43Ca (0.135), 44Ca (2.086), 46Ca (0.004) and 48Ca (0.187) Calcium Crystal Data Lattice Structure: Face-Centered CubicLattice Constant: 5.580 Ã…Debye Temperature: 230.00 K Calcium Uses Calcium is essential for human nutrition. Animals skeletons get their rigidity primarily from calcium phosphate. The eggs of birds and shells of mollusks are comprised of calcium carbonate. Calcium is also necessary for plant growth. Calcium is used as a reducing agent when preparing metals from their halogen and oxygen compounds; as a reagent in purification of inert gases; to fix atmospheric nitrogen; as a scavenger and decarbonizer in metallurgy; and for making alloys. Calcium compounds are used in making lime, bricks, cement, glass, paint, paper, sugar, glazes, as well as for many other uses. Miscellaneous Calcium Facts Calcium is the 5th most abundant element in the Earths crust, making up 3.22% of the earth, air, and oceans.Calcium is not found free in nature, but calcium compounds are common. Some of the most common compounds found on Earth are limestone (calcium carbonate - CaCO3), gypsum (calcium sulfate - CaSO4 ·2H2O), fluorite (calcium fluoride - CaF2) and apatite (calcium fluorophosphate - CaFO3P or calcium chlorophosphate - CaClO3P)The top three countries that produce calcium are China, United States and India.Calcium is the main component of teeth and bones. However, too much calcium can lead to kidney stones or artery calcification.Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the human body. Approximately one third of the mass of the human body is calcium after all water is removed.Calcium burns with a dark red color in a flame test.Calcium is used in fireworks to deepen the color. Calcium salts are used to produce orange in fireworks.Calcium metal is soft enough to cut with a knife, a lthough somewhat harder than the metal lead. People and other animals can often taste the calcium ion. People report is as contributing a mineral, sour, or salty flavor.Calcium metal reacts exothermically with water or acid. Skin contact with calcium metal can cause irritation, corrosion, and chemical burns. Ingesting or inhaling calcium metal can be fatal due to the burns it can produce. Sources Hluchan, Stephen E.; Pomerantz, Kenneth (2006)  Calcium and Calcium Alloys. Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.  Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_515.pub2Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.

CHOOSE ONE CHOICE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CHOOSE ONE CHOICE - Essay Example The contention of this paper is to examine Descarte’s mediation and determine if it they are a true representation of reality and whether the senses, as he claims are untrustworthy. During this mediation, he is sitting by the fire and commences by asking himself whether he can be sure he is sitting there doing what he thinks he is doing. He argues that he can be sure because his senses tell him so. He can feel his hands and the flames on them- surely, this should be sufficient proof that these things are happening? However, he questions this by comparing it to a dream. When he is dreaming, he imagines and believes things that would not make sense if he were awake. He even suggests that should he act in or feel as he does in his dreams, he would likely be assumed mad (Springett). He admits that he cannot really tell the different between being asleep and awake since the sensations are the same only one is abstract and the other concrete. He tries to differentiate between being awake and asleep; he can confirm that he is not asleep since he can feel the warmth of the fire and his eyes are wide. This would have been proof of his being awake except for the fact that he knows he has deceived himself thus previously while dreaming. Therefore, he posits that in view of the past occasions in which his senses have misled him, he would be unwise to trust them without question. In the process of eliminating the things he cannot prove, he examines the concept of a divine creator who he believes is all-good and all-powerful. Why then, he enquires, is it possible for him to be deceived if God in his ultimate power and goodness does indeed exist? He considers that it may not be God who is in charge of the universe but a cunning deceiver who tries to make sure we believe whatever we perceive to be true by confusing us (Springett). Descartes determines to defeat this being by refusing to believe anything but instead

Weighted-average cost of capital and capital structure Essay

Weighted-average cost of capital and capital structure - Essay Example These days the world community is fast coming to terms with the recessionary trends in almost all sectors. The corporate world is under severe pressure to cut costs and do justice with the existing workforce.On the one hand companies are trying to gain valuable support from the respective governments; while on the other hand, all efforts are being made to do away with undue expenditures, and making the capital structure optimal in efficiency. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is a fundamental approach towards making the capital structure the most advantageous for the company. No doubt companies might have undertaken such exercise many a times in the past, but the manner in which the industry is experiencing the pressure in today's context, makes it all the more necessary for the companies to have a relook at some of the policies and procedures for calculating the WACC. Therefore, this study is an effort to analyze the procedures adopted for calculating the weighted average cost and how companies make use of such calculations in arriving at sound financial decisions for their investment plans.Managers are supposed to make strategic moves on the basis of both external and internal analysis. They have to control costs and manage money for the ongoing operations as well as for the futuristic investments. This could be in the form of preparing or reviewing budgets, expense reports, or travel authorizations. It may be cash management or sales management. For financial management, markets and environments are assessed. Internally, operating and financial capabilities of the company/ organization are analyzed by using the hard facts, i.e. the financial statements, budgets etc. Investment decisions happen to be quite crucial for a company and its business operations. Entrepreneurs often face the dilemma of adopting one type of capital structure as compared with alternatives available. There are a number of stakeholders involved in a business proposition. Besides the financial resources, the enterprise requires the support of human capital, intellectual capital, relationship capital etc. (Fletcher et al, 2003). While the efforts for optimizing other types of capital requires more of intellectual capital and internal control, the financial decisions for the company require a sound understanding of the fiscal position prevailing within the country/ region, the market position and the strategies being adopted by the competitive companies. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital therefore proves to be a handy tool in dealing with the financial decision and finding out the rate of returns that the company can expect in due course. The long term planning decisions ta ken with the help of WACC can also be reviewed during the course of operations, if it is found out that the actual figures are widely at variance with the expected rates of returns. The calculations of weighted average cost of capital involves according proportionate weight to each category of capital sources like, common stock, preferred stock, bonds and any other long-term debt1. Managerial economics demands analysis of current and actual costs. In the cost-benefit analysis opportunity cost also emphasizes the role of judgment. Computerized calculation can be done while analyzing the financial details of one's own company,